What term would you use to describe state and federal income taxes as they increase with a person's income?

What term would you use to describe state and federal income taxes as they increase with a person's income? Are progressive taxes fair in your opinion? What tax shelters or deductions are available to the average homeowner in California?What are the current tax brackets for Federal Income Taxes in the United States? (outside websites may need to be used to answer) When was the first "Income Tax" imposed on citizens of the United States?Are federal income taxes the same each year? Or do they change from time to time?