Abortion right/laws in Michigan

Thepaper is on Abortion rights in Michigan.SECOND STEP:Ineed a reference page with a list of AT LEAST 15 sources about your researchproblem. Make sure that you follow APAformat.FIRST THIRD:Eachstudent shall write a 3 page memo (double-spaced,12 pt. font) answering the questions below. You can provide relevantgraphs or data tables to report your findings in your memo. Please report thesource of the data in the list ofreferences. As in APA format, allgraphs, tables should be attached at the end of your document in an appendixand only referenced in the body of the memo.Provide empirical evidence and make sure you cite your referencesthroughout the memo. You may usesecondary sources (i.e. policy briefs, newspapers or magazine articles). Pleaseprovide a list of references at the end of your brief. Questions to answer:Describe two examples of policysolutions to your problem. Where have they been tried? Has either one proven tobe successful? Briefly assess whether eitherproposal could be applied in your context.Why? Why not? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GUIDELINESFOR RESEARCH PAPER1.The assignment is to do a policy analysis.Of course, you should bring in some "factual" material to set yourproblems and illustrate and support your arguments.2.This is notintended to be solely a library research paper of the usual sort. The paperalso is not intended to be an abstract discussion of "issuesin general," organizational analysis, a management analysis, or a programanalysis. These might be ingredients in the paper, but the focus should beclearly on the policy issue which lies behind them and which gives itsignificance (e.g., the gun control issue, religious activities in publicplaces, ballot initiatives & recalls, affirmative action, prescription drugbenefits, reparations, bilingual education, gay unions, teacher testing,decriminalization of drug use, the Patriot Act, campaign finance reform, etc.)3.Selection of a policy issue. Anypolicy issue is acceptable. However, be aware that the probability of asuccessful and useful paper tends to go up with the degree of Interest you havein the issue. Your interests are far from irrelevant since a very early stageof any analysis involves making explicit what one's interests are -- what is ofconcern. Unexamined concerns can foreclose certain alternatives that maydictate the solutions and recommendations with which you will conclude. You shouldbe aware of your own proclivities as you embark upon the analysis (or as soonas possible thereafter).4.There is nearly as much variability in theconcrete form that analysis can take as there is in the sort of issuesaddressed. The organization of the paper should follow, reflect, and facilitatethe expression of the substance. Decisions about how to organize it areyours--but you should be aware that they will materially affect the analysis.As a practical matter, the way you speak (write) has a lot to do with how youare heard. Therefore, the way an analysis is presented importantly influenceshow it is received and used, or what happens as a result of it. Conceptually,form and substance are intertwined but try to let substance precede form in importance.5.Certain elements are widely thought to beappropriate to policy analysis and are strung together in a "rationalistic"version of the various phases below. It is not recommended that you tryto organize your paper (or your mind) in this way; rather these should beviewed and treated as a set of considerations which, in some form, will enterinto your analysis. 6.Faced with a problematic situation,first state what (your) the objectives are with respect toit; determine what values are at stake, and rank order them in a priorityorder; consider (all?) the consequences, (specify indegree of probability) attached to each alternative; evaluate thebenefits and, by aggregation, each alternative; choose thatalternative which provides the best mix of consequences, greatest net benefit,in relation to the set of objectives specified (and other values you mayhold?); proceed to implement that choice assuming you have theresources and set up an evaluation procedure to measure progress towardthe goals together with a timetable for goal achievement.7.Notes about method. Often, the methods we have "athand" dictate the approach we take, and are used regardless of the subjectmatter. As with structure, the methods chosen: should be dictated instead bysubstantive considerations. In general, you will find talking/arguing withyourself and others about the issues useful. It will be necessary for you tofamiliarize yourself with the arguments, positions, competing values, etc.,that relate to your issue.8.Limitations on size. Be "as short as possible and as long asnecessary." Aim to keep the body of the paper to about 10-12 double-spacedpages. There will be a tendency toexpand as time goes on so be sure to leave some time to winnow and rewrite. 9.How the analysis will be judged. Iwill be looking for evidence of careful, clear, cogent, coherent, critical,personal thinking presented in a solid, well developed, well-written,well-defended argument. Your discussion will be adequate if it has as muchclearness as the subject matter admits of . . . (Aristotle). Do not aggravatethe messiness of policy problems by fuzzy-headedness. Do not distort theproblem by enforcing adherence to some pre-set standards of precision andsimplicity. I also will be looking for: a.Who is hurt/helped by the current state ofaffairs and by the alternatives;b.Representation of value conflicts,trade-offs between/among alternatives; c.Breadth and depth of thinking--context andsignificance of problems, consequences of alternativecourses of action for the "larger system"; d.Care and caution in the use of words such as."must," "need," or "cause"; e.Care in drawing conclusions. givingjustifications; f.Design of preferred alternatives to fitdescribed (prescribed) situation; g.Awareness of constraints on implementingpreferred alternatives; and h.Awareness of limitations on the analysis.10. Specialcaution. Most people are not accustomedto thinking in these ways, or at least in doing this sort of term paper. Somefind it irresistible to give long case descriptions, chronology, or history ofissues, and then to stick in a couple of pages of analysis just before theconclusion. I want you to give an equal balance between description andanalysis and include not more than five or so pages on "background" orother such description. If you really need more than that, include it in anAppendix. In general, you should proceed as if your audience is reasonablyintelligent, generally well-informed, and interested in your issue.