Need health and medical help with the Human Body

100 multiple choice1. What is the major function of the lymphatic system?a. return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular systemb. produce offspring c. eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body d. break down food into absorbable units e. secrete hormones to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction2. What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body?a. digestive and urinaryb. cardiovascular and skeletalc. muscular and skeletald. endocrine and nervouse. cardiovascular and nervous3. Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides?a. integumentary systemmovementb. nervous systemexcretionc. muscular systemmaintaining boundariesd. nervous systemresponsivenesse. respiratory systemdigestion4. Which survival need accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight?a. nutrientsb. oxygenc. waterd. mineralse. vitamins5. Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system?a. receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, responseb. receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, responsec. effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, responsed. stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, responsee. stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, responseChallenge Examination 6 GED 102 The Human Body 6. Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change?a. control centerb. stimulusc. effectord. receptore. efferent pathway7. Positive feedback systems ________.a. involve blood clotting and the birthing of a babyb. operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increasesc. operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reducedd. involve blood clotting and the birthing of a baby, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increasese. involve blood clotting and the birthing of a baby, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced8. An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be ________.a. a cationb. an anionc. a neutral atomd. stablee. an ion9. An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is ________.a. 2b. 6c. 8d. 14e. 2010. The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of ________.a. electrons in the atomic nucleusb. protons in the atomic nucleusc. protons plus neutronsd. protons plus electronse. neutrons plus electronsChallenge Examination 7 GED 102 The Human Body 11. Isotopes have different numbers of ________; thus, they also have different ________.a. protons; atomic numbersb. neutrons; atomic massesc. electrons; atomic numbersd. protons; atomic massese. neutrons; atomic numbers12. A molecule of methane, CH4, is known specifically as a(n) ________.a. compoundb. radioisotopec. elementd. atome. anion13. The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________.a. protonsb. neutronsc. electrons d. isotopese. ions14. Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.a. utilize ATPb. employ protein pumpsc. transport substances against their concentration gradientsd. require no ATP e. include exocytosis and endocytosis15. Osmosis transports water across membranes using ________.a. ATPb. solute pumpingc. aquaporinsd. sodium-potassium pumpe. vesiclesChallenge Examination 8 GED 102 The Human Body 16. What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?a. ATPb. protein carrier or channelc. lysosomesd. aquaporinse. solute pumps17. What is required for diffusion to occur?a. protein carrier or channelb. concentration gradientc. ATPd. solute pumpe. ribosomes18. Two types of endocytosis are ________.a. cellular secretion and solute pumpingb. solute pumping and active transportc. active transport and phagocytosisd. phagocytosis and pinocytosise. pinocytosis and passive transport19. A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________.a. hypotonicb. hypertonicc. intravenousd. isotonice. Ringers lactate20. Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.a. epidermisb. papillary layer of the dermisc. subcutaneous tissued. reticular layer of the dermise. stratum corneumChallenge Examination 9 GED 102 The Human Body 21. The two main layers of skin are ________.a. papillary layer and reticular layerb. stratum basale and dermisc. epidermis and dermisd. stratum corneum and dermise. epidermis and hypodermis22. A needle pierces through the epidermal layers of the forearm in which of the following order? 1. stratum basale 2. stratum corneum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum spinosuma. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4b. 1, 5, 3, 4, 2c. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1d. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4e. 2, 3, 4, 1, 523. Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by a herpes simplex infection?a. athletes footb. cold soresc. impetigod. contact dermatitise. cyanosis24. The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to ________.a. melaninb. keratinc. oild. Langerhans cellse. sweatChallenge Examination 10 GED 102 The Human Body 25. The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called ________.a. stratum spinosumb. stratum granulosum c. stratum basaled. stratum corneume. stratum lucidum26. Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?a. meatusb. fossac. foramend. fissuree. tubercle27. Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?a. femurb. sternumc. radiusd. metatarsalse. scapula28. The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.a. cartilage and lamellaeb. osteoclasts and osteoblastsc. yellow marrow and perforating, or Sharpeys, fibersd. blood vessels and nerve fiberse. red marrow29. The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called ________.a. lacunaeb. perforating (Volkmanns) canalsc. central (Haversian) canalsd. trabeculaee. lamellaeChallenge Examination 11 GED 102 The Human Body 30. What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?a. elastic connective tissueb. dense fibrous connective tissuec. fibrocartilaged. hyaline cartilagee. loose fibrous connective tissue31. What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?a. osteocyteb. erythrocytec. chondrocyted. osteoblaste. osteoclast32. A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates are termed a ________.a. myofilamentb. synaptic cleftc. motor unitd. neuromuscular junctione. neurotransmitter33. Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction?a. calcium increases the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemmab. calcium releases the inhibition on Z discsc. calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actind. calcium causes ATP binding to actine. calcium binds to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the thick filaments34. The mechanical force of contraction is generated by ________.a. shortening of the thick filamentsb. shortening of the thin filamentsc. a sliding of thin filaments past thick filamentsd. the "accordian-like" folding of thin and thick filamentse. the temporary disappearance of thin filamentsChallenge Examination 12 GED 102 The Human Body 35. Acetylcholine is ________.a. an ion pump on the postsynaptic membraneb. a source of energy for muscle contractionc. a component of thick myofilamentsd. an oxygen-binding proteine. a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle36. The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.a. motor unitb. sarcomerec. neuromuscular junctiond. synaptic clefte. cross bridge37. Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the ________.a. myofibrilsb. sarcoplasmic reticulumc. thick filamentsd. axon terminals of the motor neurone. sarcolemma of the muscle cell38. Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are ________.a. myelinatedb. unmyelinatedc. sensoryd. motore. cerebral39. Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.a. motor neuronsb. called neurogliac. found in gangliad. found in the eye and nosee. more abundant in adults than in childrenChallenge Examination 13 GED 102 The Human Body 40. During the resting state, a neuron is ________.a. polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cellb. propagating the action potentialc. depolarizing and generating an action potentiald. restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pumpe. repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell41. Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid ________.a. sodiumb. chloridec. calciumd. potassiume. magnesium42. An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell.a. potassiumb. sodiumc. calciumd. magnesiume. both potassium and sodium43. Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________.a. saltatory conductionb. thresholdc. graded potentiald. sodium-potassium pumpe. all-or-none response44. Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________.a. a reflex arcb. the all-or-none responsec. repolarizationd. saltatory conductione. graded potentialChallenge Examination 14 GED 102 The Human Body 45. The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the ________.a. irisb. lensc. cornead. sclerae. retina46. The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are ________.a. red, green, and yellowb. red, blue, and yellowc. green, yellow, and purpled. orange, green, and purplee. blue, green, and red47. Which area of the retina lacks rods and cones and therefore does not detect images?a. optic disc (blind spot)b. optic nervec. choroidd. fovea centralise. ciliary body48. The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the ________.a. inferior lacrimal canalb. nasolacrimal ductc. scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)d. ciliary bodye. pupil49. Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?a. conjunctivitisb. color blindnessc. night blindnessd. glaucomae. cataractsChallenge Examination 15 GED 102 The Human Body 50. The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.a. aqueous humorb. ciliary bodyc. choroidd. vitreous humor (vitreous body)e. scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)51. The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.a. luteinizing hormone (LH)b. prolactinc. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)d. progesteronee. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)52. Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.a. pituitary dwarfismb. Cushings diseasec. acromegalyd. myxedemae. gigantism53. Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.a. pineal glandb. anterior pituitary glandc. adrenal glandd. posterior pituitary glande. thyroid gland54. The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.a. calcitonin and thyroid hormoneb. calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)c. thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH)d. prolactin (PRL) and oxytocine. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)Challenge Examination 16 GED 102 The Human Body 55. Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure?a. oxytocinb. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)c. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)d. growth hormone (GH)e. luteinizing hormone (LH)56. Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mothers breasts?a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormoneb. growth hormone and glucagonc. prolactin (PRL) and oxytocind. parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormonee. prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)57. The two major groups of white blood cells are ________.a. leukocytes and erythrocytesb. platelets and megakaryocytesc. neutrophils and basophilsd. granulocytes and agranulocytese. granulocytes and leukocytes58. Which of the following cells are classified as granulocytes?a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophilsb. lymphocytes and monocytesc. eosinophils and monocytesd. basophils and lymphocytese. neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils59. Which type of granulocyte produces antibodies?a. eosinophilsb. basophilsc. neutrophilsd. lymphocytese. monocytesChallenge Examination 17 GED 102 The Human Body 60. The most numerous of the white blood cells are the ________.a. lymphocytesb. neutrophilsc. eosinophilsd. monocytese. basophils61. Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant?a. neutrophilb. monocytec. lymphocyted. basophile. eosinophil62. Place these leukocytes in order from the most common to the least common. 1. basophil 2. eosinophil 3. lymphocyte 4. monocyte 5. neutrophila. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5b. 3, 4, 5, 1, 2c. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1d. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4e. 5, 3, 4, 2, 163. Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?a. mitral valveb. aortic semilunar valvec. bicuspid valved. pulmonary semilunar valvee. tricuspid valve64. Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery?a. circumflex and marginal arteriesb. anterior and posterior interventricular arteriesc. anterior interventricular and marginal arteriesd. anterior interventricular and circumflex arteriese. posterior interventricular and marginal arteriesChallenge Examination 18 GED 102 The Human Body 65. The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.a. aortab. right atriumc. left atriumd. right ventriclee. interventricular septum66. Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?a. atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibersb. atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branchesc. sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches d. sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fiberse. sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers67. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart?a. coronary sulcusb. coronary arteryc. coronary sinusd. circumflex arterye. pulmonary vein68. Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole?a. atrioventricular valves closeb. heart is relaxedc. blood rushes out of the ventriclesd. pressure in ventricles risese. semilunar valves open69. Where is the thymus located?a. pharynxb. beneath sternum overlying heartc. armpits, groin, and neckd. small intestinee. left side of abdominopelvic cavityChallenge Examination 19 GED 102 The Human Body 70. Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes the ________.a. spleenb. thymusc. tonsils onlyd. tonsils, the appendix, and Peyers patchese. tonsils and spleen71. The bodys first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is ________.a. phagocytesb. natural killer cellsc. skin and mucous membranesd. inflammatory responsee. fever